Discourse markers are words or phrases used to guide readers through a piece of writing by linking ideas, sentences, or paragraphs. Common examples include 'firstly', 'in addition', 'however', 'therefore', and 'for instance'. These markers signal relationships such as contrast, addition, cause and effect, or exemplification.
Role in IELTS Writing
- Discourse markers are important for demonstrating coherence and cohesion, a key criterion in the IELTS Writing band descriptors.
- They help your writing flow logically, making it easier for the examiner to follow your arguments and explanations.
- Appropriate and flexible use of discourse markers can contribute to a higher band score, as it shows you can organize information clearly and logically.
- Overuse, underuse, or mechanical use of discourse markers may affect the naturalness and clarity of your writing. Examiners look for a balanced and effective use, not just the presence of linking words.
Example
- Without discourse markers: "Many people prefer public transport. It is cheaper. It is more environmentally friendly."
- With discourse markers: "Many people prefer public transport because it is cheaper. Furthermore, it is more environmentally friendly."
In the improved example, discourse markers connect the ideas, making the writing clearer and more cohesive.
